Glossary of metrics
Earnings metrics
Revenue
Income earned from selling goods and services during a period, before any costs are deducted. It is the top line of the income statement and the starting point for margins and growth figures. On this site every revenue figure carries its source in the filing, and where available the year-over-year change is shown.
Operating income
Profit from ordinary business activity: revenue less operating expenses, but before interest and taxes. It reflects the earning power of the core business, separate from financing and tax effects. Shown as "Operating income" in the tables, with each value tied to its original filing.
Adjusted operating income
Operating income that the company has restated by removing items it classifies as one-off or unusual, such as restructuring or goodwill write-downs. It is not defined by any accounting standard and its scope varies from firm to firm. This site shows it only when the company reports it itself, and always alongside the official figure.
EBITDA / Adjusted EBITDA
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. The measure strips out capital intensity and financing, which makes cross-company comparison easier. The adjusted version further removes company-defined special items; such non-GAAP figures appear here only when the company reports them itself.
Net income
The result after all expenses, including interest and taxes; the bottom line of the income statement and the basis for earnings per share. Because it also captures one-off and non-cash effects, it is more open to accounting choices than operating cash flow. Shown as "Net" in the tables, each value sourced.
EPS (basic vs. diluted)
Earnings per share. The basic figure divides net income by the shares outstanding; the diluted figure also counts all options and convertible rights that could be exercised, making it the more conservative of the two. In our tables the diluted value is shown, labelled and sourced.
Gross margin / operating margin
Profitability ratios expressed as a share of revenue. Gross margin measures revenue after direct production costs, while operating margin relates operating income to revenue. Both make earning power comparable across different revenue sizes. Derived here as percentages from reported line items and flagged as such.
Adjusted (non-GAAP)
Metrics that a company has restated to remove special effects. They are not defined by any accounting standard, so their scope and definition differ between companies. This site shows them only when the company reports them itself, and always next to the official figures with a source reference.
Dividend per share
The amount distributed per share as reported by the company (quarterly, semi-annual or annual depending on the country). On this site the dividend is only reproduced as reported, with its source; we do not compute yields or forecasts.
Shares outstanding (basic/diluted)
The number of shares issued, the basis of the EPS calculation. Basic counts only shares actually outstanding; diluted adds potential shares from options, convertibles and employee programs and is therefore the more conservative basis. The reports state which basis an EPS figure rests on.
Cash flow & balance sheet
Operating cash flow (OCF)
Cash generated by day-to-day operations, before investing and financing activities. Because it rests on actual cash received and paid, it is harder to shape than reported profit and is treated as a key quality indicator. Shown as "OCF" in the tables, each value sourced from the filing.
Capex
Capital expenditure; spending on physical and intangible assets such as machinery, buildings or software, recorded as a cash outflow. Capex ties up funds for future capacity and is subtracted from operating cash flow to derive free cash flow. Shown here as a reported line item with its source.
Free cash flow (FCF)
Operating cash flow minus capital expenditure (capex): the amount left over after ongoing investment, available for debt repayment, dividends or buybacks. The calculation is OCF less capex. On this site it is marked as a derived value, with sources on the figures behind it.
Cash and equivalents
Cash on hand, bank balances and readily liquid investments as of the balance sheet date. The item shows immediately available liquidity and feeds into the net debt calculation. Shown as "Cash" in the tables, each figure sourced from the filing.
Net debt
Financial liabilities minus cash and equivalents. A negative figure means a net cash position, where liquid funds exceed debt. On this site it is derived from the reported balance sheet items and flagged accordingly, with sources on the inputs.
Net debt / EBITDA
The ratio of net debt to EBITDA; it expresses how many years of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization would, on paper, be needed to cover net debt. It is a common measure for gauging leverage. Marked here as a value derived from net debt and EBITDA.
Working capital
Current assets minus current liabilities: the capital tied up in day-to-day operations through inventories, receivables and payables. Changes flow straight into operating cash flow: a build-up absorbs liquidity, a reduction releases it. Where derived, it is flagged as such and sourced.
Guidance, forecasts & periods
Guidance
A forecast issued by management itself for upcoming periods, such as a revenue or earnings range for the next quarter or fiscal year. It rests on company assumptions and may prove inaccurate; actual results can differ materially. At NadirAlpha, guidance is always reproduced verbatim; in the company's own wording; without any interpretation or valuation by NadirAlpha.
Verdict (Beat/Met/Missed)
A comparison of the company's previously issued guidance with the later reported actual figure: Beat (above the range), Met (within), Missed (below). This is a purely arithmetic reconciliation concerning only the accuracy of the company's own forecast. It is not a valuation, price expectation, statement on over- or undervaluation, or a recommendation regarding the financial instrument.
Forward-looking statements
Statements about future developments (expectations, plans, forecasts) that rest on company assumptions and are inherently subject to uncertainty. Actual results may differ materially from such statements. At NadirAlpha, they are shown solely as the companies' own verbatim statements, not as an assessment by NadirAlpha.
Fiscal year (FY) & quarter/half-year (Q/H)
A fiscal year (FY) spans twelve months and need not align with the calendar year. It is divided into four quarters (Q1-Q4) or two half-years (H1, H2). At NadirAlpha, periods follow a consistent notation, e.g. 2026-Q1 or FY2026-H1, so it is always clear which timeframe is meant.
Reporting basis 3M/6M
Indicates the period a figure covers: 3M denotes a single quarter (three months), 6M the cumulative half-year value (six months, year-to-date). The distinction matters because revenue or profit figures can differ substantially depending on the basis. At NadirAlpha, the reporting basis is stated so that quarterly and cumulative values are not confused.
yoy (year-over-year) vs. sequential
Year-over-year (yoy) compares a period with the same period one year earlier, filtering out seasonal swings. Sequential (quarter-over-quarter) instead compares with the immediately preceding period and shows short-term movement. At NadirAlpha, the underlying comparison basis is always named so that rates of change are read correctly.
Fiscal-year offset
Not every fiscal year follows the calendar year: many Japanese companies close their books on 31 March, so FY2026 there refers to April 2025 through March 2026. Without accounting for this offset, periods of different companies cannot be compared cleanly. At NadirAlpha, the fiscal year-end is stated and reflected in the period notation.
LTM/TTM
Last Twelve Months (LTM), also Trailing Twelve Months (TTM), denotes the sum of the most recent twelve months, independent of the fiscal year-end. This rolling window smooths seasonal effects and makes interim figures comparable over a full year. At NadirAlpha, an LTM/TTM value is flagged as a derived figure, with the underlying reporting basis stated.
Restatement
A subsequent correction of already published financial figures, e.g. due to an error, a change in accounting, or reclassification. Prior periods are adjusted, which can shift comparative values. At NadirAlpha, a restatement is flagged whenever the company reports corrected figures, so that old and new numbers are not mixed.
Filings & sources
10-K / 10-Q / 8-K
US reporting forms filed with the SEC: 10-K is the audited annual report, 10-Q the quarterly report, and 8-K a current report for material events such as the earnings press release. Our US reports are extracted from these original filings, and every figure links straight back into the source document.
SEC EDGAR
The US Securities and Exchange Commission's public filing system, where listed companies deposit their disclosures. EDGAR is the primary source for our US reports, and each provenance link points directly to the original filed document.
EDINET
The Japanese Financial Services Agency's electronic disclosure system; together with the Tokyo Stock Exchange's TDnet earnings reports (tanshin) the source for our Japan reports. It provides figures from Japanese filings that are rarely available in structured form outside Japan.
IR report (investor relations)
Official financial reports a company publishes itself through its investor relations channels, such as annual and half-year reports. For European and Australian issuers without an SEC or EDINET obligation these are our primary source, and we always link the original document.
XBRL / XBRL concept
XBRL is the machine-readable standard that tags the figures inside a filing. An XBRL concept is the standardized identifier for a single value, such as EarningsPerShareDiluted. We surface it in every provenance popover, so it is unambiguous which reported figure is meant, and our extraction is validated against it.
Accession number (SEC filing identifier)
The unique identifier EDGAR assigns to each individual submission (format 0000000000-00-000000). It pins down exactly one filing and makes our source references verifiable, distinguishing two reports from the same company beyond any doubt.
Segment reporting
A breakdown of revenue and profit by business unit, product line, or region, structured as the company itself reports it in the filing. We reproduce the disclosed segments unchanged, and each segment figure stays linked to its source in the original document.
How NadirAlpha works
Provenance / source popover
Our source popover, which opens behind every clickable figure: the raw value from the original document, the period, the calculation basis, the XBRL concept, and a direct deep link into the filing. Every metric is traceable to its source, and what we cannot substantiate we do not show.
Verbatim (as reported)
Statements we carry over unchanged in the company's own wording, such as guidance. Nothing is rephrased, rounded, or interpreted, and the provenance shows the exact wording of the original document.
Derived
Values we compute from reported figures rather than take directly, such as free cash flow = operating cash flow minus capital expenditure, or net debt from balance-sheet items. Such metrics are always flagged as derived, and the provenance shows the calculation basis together with its inputs.
AI-assisted creation & validation
Reports are generated with AI support from the original filings and validated automatically (transparency per Art. 50 EU AI Act); the methodology page describes how.
Data quality (gaps & uncertainties)
Open gaps are not filled in: what cannot be substantiated is not shown, and uncertain entries carry a marker right at the value. The principles are described on the methodology page.
Update cadence (after earnings)
Reports are updated after the company's earnings date (quarterly or semi-annually); see the methodology page for details.